LAMINATED COMPOSITE MATERIALS

EML 6232

FALL 2004

 

 

ROOM BSN 1309                                                                              (Thursday  6-9PM)

 

INTRODUCTION: "Do not give them any more straw to make bricks with, as your custom has been; let them go and find straw for themselves" (Exodus 5). Although man‑made composites have existed for thousands of years, the high technology of advanced composites has been used in the aerospace industry only for the last thirty years. The applications are becoming diverse - from aircraft structures and missile canisters to tennis racquets and fishing rods. The objective of this course is to analyze and design structures made of fiber reinforced composite materials.

 

SHORT OBJECTIVES: Introduce to advanced composite materials and their applications.  Develop fundamental relationships for predicting the mechanical and hygrothermal response of multi layered materials and structures.  Study micromechanical and macromechanical relationships for lamina and laminated materials with emphasis on continuous filament.  Introduce material, structural, and strength optimization to design laminated composite materials using user friendly software.  For more information, visit these sites

http://www.eng.usf.edu/~kaw/class/composites

and

http://www.eng.usf.edu/~kaw/promal/book.html

 

OBJECTIVES (letters in brackets at end of each objective correspond to a-k program outcomes of Mechanical Engineering for ABET 2000 accreditation given below):

 

Introduction to Composite Materials (j)

Define a composite, enumerate advantages and drawbacks of composites over monolithic materials, and discuss factors which influence mechanical properties of a composite

Classify composites, introduce common types of fibers and matrices, and manufacturing, mechanical properties and applications of composites

Recycling of composites

Introduce terminology used for studying mechanics of composites

 

Macromechanics of a Lamina (a,e, l, n)

Review definitions of stress, strain, elastic moduli and strain energy

Develop stress-strain relationships for different types of materials

Develop stress-strain relationships for a unidirectional/bidirectional lamina

Find the engineering constants of a unidirectional/bidirectional lamina in terms of the stiffness and compliance parameters of the lamina

Develop stress-strain relationships, elastic moduli, strengths, thermal and moisture expansion coefficients of an angle ply based on those of a unidirectional/bidirectional lamina and the angle of the ply

 

Micromechanical Analysis of a Lamina (a, e, l, n)

Develop concepts of volume and weight fraction of fiber and matrix, density and void fraction in composites

Find the nine mechanical and four hygrothermal constants: four elastic moduli, five strength parameters, two coefficients of thermal expansion and two coefficients of moisture expansion of a unidirectional lamina from the individual properties of the fiber and the matrix, fiber volume fraction, and fiber packing

Discuss the experimental characterization of the above nine mechanical and four hygrothermal constants

 

Macromechanical Analysis of a Laminate (a, e, l, n)

Understand the code for laminate stacking sequence

Develop relationships of mechanical and hygrothermal loads applied to a laminate to strains and stresses in each lamina

Find the elastic stiffnesses of laminate based on the elastic moduli of individual laminas and the stacking sequence

Find the coefficients of thermal and moisture expansion of a laminate based on elastic moduli, coefficients of thermal and moisture expansion of individual laminas, and stacking sequence

 

Failure, Analysis and Design of Laminates (a, c, e, g, k, l, n, o)

Understand the significance of stiffness, and hygrothermal and mechanical response of special cases of laminates

Establish the failure criteria for laminates based on failure of individual lamina in a laminate

Design laminated structures such as plates, drive shafts and thin pressure vessels subjected to in-plane and hygrothermal loads

Introduce other mechanical design issues in laminated composites

 

PROGRAM OUTCOMES FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The measurable outcomes expected of all graduates of the program are stated below:

a. An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering;

b. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data;

c. An ability to design a system, component or process to meet desired needs;

d. An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams;

e. An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems;

f. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility;

g. An ability to communicate effectively;

h. The broad educational necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global/societal context;

i. A recognition of the need for and an ability to engage in life long leaming;

j. A knowledge of contemporary issues; and,

k. An ability; to use the techniques, skills, and modem engineering tools necessary for engineering practice;

1. A knowledge of chemistry and physics with depth in both.

m. An ability to apply advanced mathematics through multivariate calculus and differential equations.

n. A familiarity with statistics and linear algebra;

o. The ability to work professionally in both thermal and mechanical systems areas including the design and realization of such systems.

 

OUTCOMES:

Students would have fundamental knowledge in mechanical analysis and design of structures made of composite materials

 

PRE REQUISITES: Mechanics of Materials, EML 3500 or equivalent.

 

CALCULATOR: No programmable calculators are allowed in the classroom or tests.  Calculators need to scientific with trigonometric and other scientific functions.  Statistical functions are allowed in the calculator.  If you are unclear about the calculator, buy one and show it to me before opening the package.  If the calculator costs more than $15, you are buying the wrong calculator.

 

TEXTBOOK: Mechanics of Composite Materials by Autar K. Kaw, CRC-LLC Press, FL, First Edition, 1997.

 

OFFICE LOCATION: ENC 2215

 

E-MAIL : kaw@eng.usf.edu

 

OFFICE HOURS: 10-11:30 Tues, Thurs

 

GRADING: Your final letter grade will be based on the following:

In-class tests in the first 30 minutes of each class – 75%

Final project (due in Thursday of last week of classes) – 25%

 

GRADING POLICY:

Grade A+  is 95 100 (4.00)     Grade A  is 90-94 (4.00)        Grade A- is  86-89 (3.67)

Grade B+ is 83-85 (3.33)       Grade B is 80-82 (3.00)          Grade B- is 76-79 (2.67)

Grade C+ is 73-75 (2.33)       Grade C is 70-72 (2.00)          Grade C– is 66-69 (1.67)

Grade D+ is 63-65 (1.33)       Grade D is 60-62 (1.00)         Grade D  is 56-59 (0.67)

Grade F is 0-55 (0.00).

 

Your final grade will be rounded off as follows at the end of the course. The integer part of your course after adding 0.999999 will be recorded as your final grade.  For example, 84.000001 will be rounded off as 85, and 84.0000009 will be rounded off as 84.  Course grades will be evaluated on the above percentages and a letter grade will be assigned to you as outlined in the University catalog for undergraduate students (2004-2005).

 

Course grades will be evaluated on percentage score and a letter grade will be assigned to you as outlined in the University catalog for undergraduate students (2004-2005). 

 

 

COURSE SCHEDULE

_______________________________________________________________

TOPIC                                                 LECTURE HOURS (Based on 1-hr lectures)

__________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 1                                                                           6

Introduction to Composite Materials

CHAPTER 2                                                                           9

Macromechanical Behavior of a Lamina

CHAPTER 3                                                                           9

Micromechanical Behavior of a Lamina

CHAPTER 4                                                                           6

Macromechanical Behavior of a Laminate

CHAPTER 5                                                                           8

 

Design and Failure of a Laminate

__________________________________________________________________

All the examinations and tests stated above will be closed book and closed notes.  A formula sheet made by the instructor may be allowed to be used in an examination.  Course grades will be evaluated on the above percentages and a letter grade will be assigned to you as outlined in the University catalog for undergraduates and graduates (2001-2002).

 

MAKE UP TEST POLICY: In the event of a serious illness (physician's statement documenting severity of illness required), death in the family or other legitimate, documented, verifiable emergency resulting in the absence from a schedule test, a student may be given a make-up test.  Notification of absence must be given prior to the commencement of the scheduled examination or test to me.  Do not presume that your reasons for missing an examination or test are acceptable unless authorization is given to you.

 

REGRADING POLICY

Regrading of a test, homework, or computer project should be requested within five working days of it being returned to you.  Regrading after the final grade has been assigned for the course will be allowed only in extreme circumstances.  Mistakes in the grade book entries should be rectified as soon as possible to avoid any change of grade issues.  You will need a copy of all your graded tests for verification.  KEEP ALL YOUR GRADED PAPERS TILL THE END OF THE COURSE.

 

GRADES ON THE WEB

Grades will be updated on the web (https://my.usf.edu) after grading of each quiz/test.

 

MISSED EXAMINATIONS

NO make up tests will be given.  However, in the event of a serious illness (physician's statement documenting severity of illness required), death in the family or other legitimate, documented, verifiable emergency resulting in the absence from a schedule test, each case will be evaluated separately.  The decision of the instructor is final.  An example of a make-up score is that if you miss a test, you may be given the same grade as another exam, and so on.  Curving of make-up exam grades is at the discretion of the instructor.

 

Notification of absence must be given before the commencement of the scheduled examination or test to me.  You need to type a professional memo (no e-mails will be accepted) about your absence addressed to me as soon as possible.  Attach any documentation with it.

 

Do not presume that your reasons for missing an examination or test are acceptable unless authorization is given to you.

 

POLICY ON RELIGIOUS OBSERVATIONS

Students who need to be absent under this rule must provide written notice of date(s) to me by the second-class meeting.

 

POLICY ON STUDENT DISABILITY ACCOMODATIONS

Any student who feels he/she may need an accommodation based on the impact of a disability should contact the Office for Student Disability Services at 813-974-4309 in SVC 1133 to coordinate reasonable accommodations for students with documented disabilities.  The website is http://www.sds.usf.edu/index.htm

 

ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AND DISRUPTION

If you are found cheating on any of the homework, quizzes or tests, you will get a ‘FF' for the whole course, and referred to the Dean's office for further process or appeal.

Academic disruption includes excessive side talking and lack of respect for your fellow classmates and the instructor, and will be handled as per the undergraduate catalog of 2004-2005.